Drei Berechnungs-Fixes: Phaseninflation, Tilgungsraten, Vorbezugssteuer

- Phase.inflationRate ersatzlos entfernt (inkl. Migration). Die Inflation liegt
  seit V5 plan-weit; das Feld wurde von computePlan nie gelesen und war wirkungslos.
- Amortisation und Tilgung stoppen, sobald Hypothek bzw. Schuld abbezahlt sind:
  Hypothek/Restschuld sind neu laufende Salden, die Rate ist pro Jahr am Restsaldo
  gekappt. Belastet danach weder Cash noch Sparquote.
- Kapitalbezugssteuer greift neu auch bei PK-/3a-Vorbezuegen vor der Pensionierung.
  Der Bezug wird brutto dem Kapital entnommen, netto ins Cash gebucht.

plannedSaveRate ist neu die Rate des ersten Phasenjahres. Drei Regressionstests
ergaenzt (10 -> 13).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-07-16 22:22:34 +02:00
parent f768e01d61
commit dfebbeb397
12 changed files with 141 additions and 49 deletions
+67 -1
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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ function plan(opts: {
inflationRateDefault: opts.inflation ?? 2,
initialCash: opts.initialCash ?? 0,
persons: [{ id: "A", role: "PERSON_A", name: null, age: opts.age, retirementAge: opts.retirementAge }],
phases: opts.phases.map((p, i) => ({ id: p.id, sequenceNumber: i + 1, name: p.id, durationYears: p.durationYears, inflationRate: null })),
phases: opts.phases.map((p, i) => ({ id: p.id, sequenceNumber: i + 1, name: p.id, durationYears: p.durationYears })),
elements: opts.elements,
};
}
@@ -185,6 +185,72 @@ describe("V5 Golden Tests", () => {
expect(ph.cashEnd).toBe(50000);
});
it("Tilgung stoppt, sobald die Schuld getilgt ist (belastet Cash und Sparrate nicht weiter)", () => {
// Schuld 25'000, Tilgung 10'000/Jahr, 5 Jahre: getilgt im Jahr 3 (10'000 + 10'000 + 5'000).
// Gesamtabfluss = 25'000, NICHT 50'000. Einkommen = Ausgaben, damit nur die Tilgung wirkt.
const p = plan({
age: 40,
retirementAge: 70,
inflation: 0,
initialCash: 100000,
phases: [{ id: "p1", durationYears: 5 }],
elements: [
el("INCOME", "PERSON_A", { p1: { amount: 50000, teuerungsausgleich: 0 } }),
el("EXPENSE", "HOUSEHOLD", { p1: { amount: 50000, teuerungsausgleich: 0 } }),
el("OTHER_DEBT", "HOUSEHOLD", { p1: { startValue: 25000, annualRepayment: 10000 } }),
],
});
const ph = computePlan(p).phases[0];
expect(ph.cashEnd).toBe(75000); // 100'000 - 25'000
expect(ph.plannedSaveRate).toBe(10000); // erstes Jahr volle Rate
const debt = ph.elements.find((e) => e.category === "OTHER_DEBT")!;
expect(debt.endValue).toBe(0);
});
it("Amortisation stoppt, sobald die Hypothek abbezahlt ist", () => {
// Hypothek 15'000, Amortisation 10'000/Jahr, 4 Jahre: abbezahlt im Jahr 2 (10'000 + 5'000).
const p = plan({
age: 40,
retirementAge: 70,
inflation: 0,
initialCash: 100000,
phases: [{ id: "p1", durationYears: 4 }],
elements: [
el("REAL_ESTATE", "HOUSEHOLD", { p1: { purchasePrice: 500000, mortgage: 15000, amortization: 10000 } }),
],
});
const ph = computePlan(p).phases[0];
expect(ph.cashEnd).toBe(85000); // 100'000 - 15'000 (nicht - 40'000)
const re = ph.elements.find((e) => e.category === "REAL_ESTATE")!;
expect(re.endValue).toBe(500000); // schuldenfrei
});
it("Vorbezug PK vor Pensionierung: Kapitalbezugssteuer wird abgezogen", () => {
// Bezug 100'000 brutto bei 8% Steuer -> 92'000 netto ins Cash der Folgephase.
const p = plan({
age: 40,
retirementAge: 70,
inflation: 0,
phases: [
{ id: "p1", durationYears: 1 },
{ id: "p2", durationYears: 1 },
],
elements: [
el(
"PENSION_FUND",
"PERSON_A",
{ p1: { currentValue: 300000, expectedReturn: 0, annualContribution: 0 }, p2: {} },
{ p1: { withdrawalMode: "AMOUNT", withdrawal: 100000, capitalTaxRate: 8 } }
),
],
});
const r = computePlan(p);
expect(r.phases[1].capitalInflow).toBe(92000); // netto nach 8% Steuer
expect(r.phases[1].cashStart).toBe(92000);
const pk = r.phases[1].elements.find((e) => e.category === "PENSION_FUND")!;
expect(pk.startValue).toBe(200000); // brutto 100'000 dem Kapital entnommen
});
it("Fortschreibung: nominaler Einkommens-Basiswert Phase 1 -> Startwert Phase 2; Cash laeuft fort", () => {
const p = plan({
age: 40,
+41 -21
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@@ -54,7 +54,10 @@ export interface PhaseComputed {
quotaStart: number;
quotaEnd: number;
isConsumption: boolean;
plannedSaveRate: number; // geplante Sparrate: 3a + Sonstiges-Vermoegen-Sparbeitrag + Amort. + Tilgung
// Geplante Sparrate im ERSTEN Phasenjahr: 3a + Sonstiges-Vermoegen-Sparbeitrag + Amort. +
// Tilgung. Amortisation/Tilgung entfallen, sobald Hypothek/Schuld abbezahlt sind -- die Rate
// kann in spaeteren Phasenjahren also tiefer liegen.
plannedSaveRate: number;
plannedWithdrawRate: number; // geplante Verzehrrate: Bezugsraten aus Sonstigem Vermoegen
capitalInflow: number; // Kapitalzufluss: PK-/3a-Bezuege + Verkaeufe (aus dem Uebergang in diese Phase)
capitalInvest: number; // Kapitalinvestitionen: Zusatz-/Neuinvestitionen + sofortige Tilgungen
@@ -208,9 +211,11 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
const expenses: { basis: number; idx: number; ec: ElementPhaseComputed }[] = [];
let renteTotal = 0; // AHV + PK-Renten (nominal fix)
const assets: { value: number; rate: number; r: number; withdrawal: number; ec: ElementPhaseComputed }[] = [];
const realEstates: { purchase: number; mortgageStart: number; amort: number; ec: ElementPhaseComputed }[] = [];
const debts: { owedStart: number; repay: number; ec: ElementPhaseComputed }[] = [];
let plannedRatesTotal = 0; // Sparraten (verlassen das Cash): 3a + Sonstiges Vermoegen + Amort. + Tilgung
// mortgage/owed sind LAUFENDE Salden: sie werden in der Jahresschleife abgebaut und am
// Nullpunkt gestoppt (keine Rate mehr, sobald abbezahlt).
const realEstates: { purchase: number; mortgage: number; amort: number; ec: ElementPhaseComputed }[] = [];
const debts: { owed: number; repay: number; ec: ElementPhaseComputed }[] = [];
let fixedRatesTotal = 0; // Sparraten mit konstantem Jahresbetrag: 3a + Sonstiges Vermoegen
let plannedWithdrawTotal = 0; // Bezugsraten (fliessen ins Cash): Sonstiges Vermoegen
let investmentsFromCash = 0; // Neuinvestitionen/Aufstockungen (ab Phase 2, aus Cash)
let wealthStart = 0;
@@ -312,7 +317,7 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
const topUp = carry.hasCarry ? Math.round(num(pd.additionalInvestment)) : 0;
const start = base + topUp;
const rate = Math.round(num(pd.annualContribution));
plannedRatesTotal += rate;
fixedRatesTotal += rate;
if (!isFirstPhase) investmentsFromCash += topUp;
ec.baseValue = base;
ec.startValue = start;
@@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
const start = base + topUp;
const rate = Math.round(num(pd.annualContribution));
const withdrawal = Math.round(num(pd.annualWithdrawal));
plannedRatesTotal += rate;
fixedRatesTotal += rate;
plannedWithdrawTotal += withdrawal;
if (!isFirstPhase) investmentsFromCash += topUp;
ec.baseValue = base;
@@ -340,23 +345,21 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
const purchase = Math.round(num(pd.purchasePrice));
const mortgageStart = carry.hasCarry ? carry.mortgage : Math.round(num(pd.mortgage));
const amort = Math.round(num(pd.amortization));
plannedRatesTotal += amort;
const equity = purchase - mortgageStart;
if (!carry.hasCarry && !isFirstPhase) investmentsFromCash += Math.max(0, equity);
ec.baseValue = equity;
ec.startValue = equity;
wealthStart += equity;
realEstates.push({ purchase, mortgageStart, amort, ec });
realEstates.push({ purchase, mortgage: mortgageStart, amort, ec });
break;
}
case "OTHER_DEBT": {
const owedStart = carry.hasCarry ? carry.owed : Math.round(num(pd.startValue));
const repay = Math.round(num(pd.annualRepayment));
plannedRatesTotal += repay;
ec.baseValue = -owedStart;
ec.startValue = -owedStart;
wealthStart += -owedStart;
debts.push({ owedStart, repay, ec });
debts.push({ owed: owedStart, repay, ec });
break;
}
}
@@ -374,6 +377,7 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
let expenseEnd = 0;
let quotaStart = 0;
let quotaEnd = 0;
let plannedSaveRate = 0; // Kopf-Kennzahl: die tatsaechliche Sparrate im ersten Phasenjahr
for (let t = 1; t <= duration; t++) {
// Einkommen: nominal (Basis x (1+Lohnerhoehung)^(t-1)) + Renten (nominal fix).
@@ -413,14 +417,30 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
a.value = grown - w;
cashFromWithdraw += w;
}
cash += quote - plannedRatesTotal + cashFromWithdraw;
// Amortisation/Tilgung: nur so lange und so viel, wie noch Restschuld besteht. Ist die
// Hypothek/Schuld abbezahlt, entfaellt die Rate -- sie belastet weder Cash noch Sparquote.
let debtRates = 0;
for (const re of realEstates) {
const pay = Math.min(re.amort, re.mortgage);
re.mortgage -= pay;
debtRates += pay;
}
for (const d of debts) {
const pay = Math.min(d.repay, d.owed);
d.owed -= pay;
debtRates += pay;
}
if (t === 1) plannedSaveRate = fixedRatesTotal + debtRates;
cash += quote - fixedRatesTotal - debtRates + cashFromWithdraw;
if (cash < 0) cashNegative = true;
// Gesamtvermoegen zum Jahresende t (fuer Ruin-Erkennung).
let total = cash;
for (const a of assets) total += a.value;
for (const re of realEstates) total += re.purchase - Math.max(0, re.mortgageStart - re.amort * t);
for (const d of debts) total += -Math.max(0, d.owedStart - d.repay * t);
for (const re of realEstates) total += re.purchase - re.mortgage;
for (const d of debts) total += -d.owed;
if (ruinAge === null && total < 0) ruinAge = personA.age + yearsBefore + t;
}
@@ -445,17 +465,15 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
wealthEnd += a.ec.endValue;
}
for (const re of realEstates) {
const mortgageEnd = Math.max(0, re.mortgageStart - re.amort * duration);
re.ec.endValue = re.purchase - mortgageEnd;
re.ec.endValue = re.purchase - re.mortgage;
re.ec.summary = fmt(re.ec.endValue);
wealthEnd += re.ec.endValue;
}
for (const d of debts) {
const owedEnd = Math.max(0, d.owedStart - d.repay * duration);
d.ec.endValue = -owedEnd;
d.ec.endValue = d.owed > 0 ? -d.owed : 0;
d.ec.summary = fmt(d.ec.endValue);
wealthEnd += d.ec.endValue;
if (owedEnd === 0) d.ec.note = "Wird getilgt";
if (d.owed === 0) d.ec.note = "Wird getilgt";
}
const cashEnd = Math.round(cash);
@@ -478,7 +496,7 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
quotaStart: Math.round(quotaStart),
quotaEnd: Math.round(quotaEnd),
isConsumption: quotaStart < 0,
plannedSaveRate: plannedRatesTotal,
plannedSaveRate,
plannedWithdrawRate: plannedWithdrawTotal,
capitalInflow: Math.round(incomingInflow),
capitalInvest: Math.round(investmentsFromCash + incomingImmediateRepay),
@@ -538,9 +556,11 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
carry.value = 0;
}
} else {
// Vorbezug (z. B. Wohneigentum/Selbststaendigkeit): ebenfalls kapitalbezugssteuerpflichtig.
// Das Kapital wird brutto entnommen, netto (nach Steuer) fliesst es ins Cash.
const withdrawal = Math.min(ec.endValue, Math.round(num(td.withdrawal)));
carry.value = ec.endValue - withdrawal;
txInflow += withdrawal;
txInflow += Math.round(withdrawal * (1 - num(td.capitalTaxRate, DEFAULT_CAPITAL_TAX_RATE) / 100));
}
break;
}
@@ -551,7 +571,7 @@ export function computePlan(plan: PlanInput): PlanComputed {
} else {
const withdrawal = Math.min(ec.endValue, Math.round(num(td.withdrawal)));
carry.value = ec.endValue - withdrawal;
txInflow += withdrawal;
txInflow += Math.round(withdrawal * (1 - num(td.capitalTaxRate, DEFAULT_CAPITAL_TAX_RATE) / 100));
}
break;
}
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@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ export function toPlanInput(plan: PlanWithRelations): PlanInput {
sequenceNumber: phase.sequenceNumber,
name: phase.name,
durationYears: phase.durationYears,
inflationRate: phase.inflationRate,
})),
elements: plan.elements.map((e) => {
const phaseValues: Record<string, PhaseData> = {};
-1
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@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ export interface PhaseInput {
sequenceNumber: number;
name: string;
durationYears: number;
inflationRate: number | null;
}
export interface ElementInput {