Gartenvisualisierung/src/scene/geometry.ts

/**
 * Geometrie-Bausteine: Polygone auf das Gelaende legen, Mauern extrudieren.
 */
import { BufferGeometry, BufferAttribute, ShapeUtils, Vector2 } from 'three';
import type { Vec2 } from '../site';

type Tri = [Vec2, Vec2, Vec2];

/** Zerlegt ein einfaches Polygon in Dreiecke (Ohrenschneiden aus three.js). */
export function triangulate(polygon: Vec2[]): Tri[] {
  const contour = polygon.map(([x, z]) => new Vector2(x, z));
  const faces = ShapeUtils.triangulateShape(contour, []);
  return faces.map(([a, b, c]) => [polygon[a], polygon[b], polygon[c]] as Tri);
}

/**
 * Verfeinert Dreiecke, bis keine Kante laenger als `maxEdge` ist. Damit folgen
 * grosse Flaechen dem Gelaende, statt es zu ueberspannen.
 */
export function refine(tris: Tri[], maxEdge: number, maxDepth = 10): Tri[] {
  let current = tris;
  for (let depth = 0; depth < maxDepth; depth++) {
    const next: Tri[] = [];
    let split = false;
    for (const t of current) {
      const lens = [0, 1, 2].map((i) => {
        const a = t[i], b = t[(i + 1) % 3];
        return Math.hypot(a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1]);
      });
      const longest = lens.indexOf(Math.max(...lens));
      if (lens[longest] <= maxEdge) { next.push(t); continue; }
      split = true;
      const a = t[longest], b = t[(longest + 1) % 3], c = t[(longest + 2) % 3];
      const m: Vec2 = [(a[0] + b[0]) / 2, (a[1] + b[1]) / 2];
      next.push([a, m, c], [m, b, c]);
    }
    current = next;
    if (!split) break;
  }
  return current;
}

/**
 * Baut ein Flaechenmesh, das dem Gelaende folgt.
 * UVs sind weltbezogen, damit Plattenraster ueber Flaechengrenzen durchlaufen.
 */
export function surfaceGeometry(
  polygon: Vec2[],
  height: (x: number, z: number) => number,
  opts: { offset?: number; tile?: number; maxEdge?: number } = {},
): BufferGeometry {
  const { offset = 0.01, tile = 1, maxEdge = 0.3 } = opts;
  const tris = refine(triangulate(polygon), maxEdge);
  const pos = new Float32Array(tris.length * 9);
  const uv = new Float32Array(tris.length * 6);
  let p = 0, u = 0;
  for (const t of tris) {
    for (const [x, z] of t) {
      pos[p++] = x;
      pos[p++] = height(x, z) + offset;
      pos[p++] = z;
      uv[u++] = x / tile;
      uv[u++] = -z / tile;
    }
  }
  const g = new BufferGeometry();
  g.setAttribute('position', new BufferAttribute(pos, 3));
  g.setAttribute('uv', new BufferAttribute(uv, 2));
  g.computeVertexNormals();
  return g;
}

/** Fasst mehrere Polygone zu einem Mesh zusammen. */
export function surfaceGeometryMulti(
  polygons: Vec2[][],
  height: (x: number, z: number) => number,
  opts: { offset?: number; tile?: number; maxEdge?: number } = {},
): BufferGeometry {
  const parts = polygons.map((p) => surfaceGeometry(p, height, opts));
  return mergeGeometries(parts);
}

/** Einfaches Zusammenfuehren gleichartiger Geometrien (position/uv/normal). */
export function mergeGeometries(parts: BufferGeometry[]): BufferGeometry {
  const total = parts.reduce((n, g) => n + g.getAttribute('position').count, 0);
  const pos = new Float32Array(total * 3);
  const nor = new Float32Array(total * 3);
  const uv = new Float32Array(total * 2);
  let o = 0;
  for (const g of parts) {
    const gp = g.getAttribute('position') as BufferAttribute;
    const gn = g.getAttribute('normal') as BufferAttribute;
    const gu = g.getAttribute('uv') as BufferAttribute;
    pos.set(gp.array as Float32Array, o * 3);
    nor.set(gn.array as Float32Array, o * 3);
    uv.set(gu.array as Float32Array, o * 2);
    o += gp.count;
    g.dispose();
  }
  const g = new BufferGeometry();
  g.setAttribute('position', new BufferAttribute(pos, 3));
  g.setAttribute('normal', new BufferAttribute(nor, 3));
  g.setAttribute('uv', new BufferAttribute(uv, 2));
  return g;
}

interface Quad { a: [number, number, number]; b: [number, number, number]; c: [number, number, number]; d: [number, number, number] }

/** Haengt ein Viereck (gegen den Uhrzeigersinn) an die Puffer an. */
function pushQuad(pos: number[], uv: number[], q: Quad, uScale: number, vScale: number, uOff = 0) {
  const [ax, ay, az] = q.a, [bx, by, bz] = q.b, [cx, cy, cz] = q.c, [dx, dy, dz] = q.d;
  const du = Math.hypot(bx - ax, bz - az) * uScale;
  const v0 = ay * vScale, v1 = cy * vScale, v2 = dy * vScale, v3 = by * vScale;
  pos.push(ax, ay, az, bx, by, bz, cx, cy, cz);
  uv.push(uOff, v0, uOff + du, v3, uOff + du, v1);
  pos.push(ax, ay, az, cx, cy, cz, dx, dy, dz);
  uv.push(uOff, v0, uOff + du, v1, uOff, v2);
}

/**
 * Extrudiert eine Mauer entlang einer Mittellinie.
 * `top`/`base` liefern fuer einen Parameter t (0..1) die Kronen- bzw. Fusshoehe.
 */
export function wallGeometry(
  path: Vec2[],
  thickness: number,
  top: (t: number, x: number, z: number) => number,
  base: (t: number, x: number, z: number) => number,
  opts: { segments?: number; tile?: number } = {},
): BufferGeometry {
  const { segments = 24, tile = 1.6 } = opts;
  const pos: number[] = [];
  const uv: number[] = [];
  const h = thickness / 2;
  const s = 1 / tile;

  // Laenge und Richtungen entlang des Pfades
  const pts: { x: number; z: number; nx: number; nz: number; t: number }[] = [];
  const totalLen = path.slice(1).reduce((L, p, i) => L + Math.hypot(p[0] - path[i][0], p[1] - path[i][1]), 0);
  for (let i = 0; i <= segments; i++) {
    const t = i / segments;
    // Punkt auf dem Polyzug bei Bogenlaenge t * totalLen
    let want = t * totalLen;
    let x = path[0][0], z = path[0][1], dx = 1, dz = 0;
    for (let k = 1; k < path.length; k++) {
      const ax = path[k - 1][0], az = path[k - 1][1];
      const bx = path[k][0], bz = path[k][1];
      const L = Math.hypot(bx - ax, bz - az);
      if (want <= L || k === path.length - 1) {
        const u = L > 0 ? Math.min(1, want / L) : 0;
        x = ax + (bx - ax) * u; z = az + (bz - az) * u;
        dx = (bx - ax) / (L || 1); dz = (bz - az) / (L || 1);
        break;
      }
      want -= L;
    }
    pts.push({ x, z, nx: -dz, nz: dx, t });
  }

  let uRun = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < segments; i++) {
    const p0 = pts[i], p1 = pts[i + 1];
    const t0 = top(p0.t, p0.x, p0.z), t1 = top(p1.t, p1.x, p1.z);
    const b0 = base(p0.t, p0.x, p0.z), b1 = base(p1.t, p1.x, p1.z);
    const segLen = Math.hypot(p1.x - p0.x, p1.z - p0.z);

    const l0: Vec2 = [p0.x + p0.nx * h, p0.z + p0.nz * h];
    const r0: Vec2 = [p0.x - p0.nx * h, p0.z - p0.nz * h];
    const l1: Vec2 = [p1.x + p1.nx * h, p1.z + p1.nz * h];
    const r1: Vec2 = [p1.x - p1.nx * h, p1.z - p1.nz * h];

    // linke Flanke
    pushQuad(pos, uv, {
      a: [l0[0], b0, l0[1]], b: [l1[0], b1, l1[1]],
      c: [l1[0], t1, l1[1]], d: [l0[0], t0, l0[1]],
    }, s, s, uRun * s);
    // rechte Flanke
    pushQuad(pos, uv, {
      a: [r1[0], b1, r1[1]], b: [r0[0], b0, r0[1]],
      c: [r0[0], t0, r0[1]], d: [r1[0], t1, r1[1]],
    }, s, s, uRun * s);
    // Krone
    pos.push(l0[0], t0, l0[1], r0[0], t0, r0[1], r1[0], t1, r1[1]);
    uv.push(uRun * s, 0, uRun * s, thickness * s, (uRun + segLen) * s, thickness * s);
    pos.push(l0[0], t0, l0[1], r1[0], t1, r1[1], l1[0], t1, l1[1]);
    uv.push(uRun * s, 0, (uRun + segLen) * s, thickness * s, (uRun + segLen) * s, 0);
    uRun += segLen;
  }

  // Stirnseiten
  for (const [p, sign] of [[pts[0], -1], [pts[pts.length - 1], 1]] as const) {
    const tp = top(p.t, p.x, p.z), bs = base(p.t, p.x, p.z);
    const l: Vec2 = [p.x + p.nx * h, p.z + p.nz * h];
    const r: Vec2 = [p.x - p.nx * h, p.z - p.nz * h];
    const A = sign < 0 ? l : r, B = sign < 0 ? r : l;
    pushQuad(pos, uv, {
      a: [A[0], bs, A[1]], b: [B[0], bs, B[1]],
      c: [B[0], tp, B[1]], d: [A[0], tp, A[1]],
    }, s, s, 0);
  }

  const g = new BufferGeometry();
  g.setAttribute('position', new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(pos), 3));
  g.setAttribute('uv', new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(uv), 2));
  g.computeVertexNormals();
  return g;
}

/** Quaderfoermiges Volumen mit weltbezogenen UVs, fuer Bauteile und Moebel. */
export function boxGeometry(
  cx: number, cz: number, w: number, d: number, y0: number, y1: number, rotDeg = 0, tile = 1,
): BufferGeometry {
  const pos: number[] = [];
  const uv: number[] = [];
  const a = (rotDeg * Math.PI) / 180;
  const ca = Math.cos(a), sa = Math.sin(a);
  const P = (u: number, v: number, y: number): [number, number, number] =>
    [cx + u * ca - v * sa, y, cz + u * sa + v * ca];
  const hw = w / 2, hd = d / 2;
  const s = 1 / tile;
  // Umlauf im Uhrzeigersinn in (u, v). Damit zeigen die Flaechennormalen nach
  // aussen - andersherum sieht man in die Box hinein.
  const faces: [Vec2, Vec2][] = [
    [[-hw, -hd], [-hw, hd]], [[-hw, hd], [hw, hd]],
    [[hw, hd], [hw, -hd]], [[hw, -hd], [-hw, -hd]],
  ];
  let uRun = 0;
  for (const [p0, p1] of faces) {
    const len = Math.hypot(p1[0] - p0[0], p1[1] - p0[1]);
    const A = P(p0[0], p0[1], y0), B = P(p1[0], p1[1], y0);
    const C = P(p1[0], p1[1], y1), D = P(p0[0], p0[1], y1);
    pos.push(...A, ...B, ...C, ...A, ...C, ...D);
    uv.push(uRun * s, y0 * s, (uRun + len) * s, y0 * s, (uRun + len) * s, y1 * s);
    uv.push(uRun * s, y0 * s, (uRun + len) * s, y1 * s, uRun * s, y1 * s);
    uRun += len;
  }
  // Deckel, ebenfalls nach aussen (oben) gewickelt
  const t0 = P(-hw, -hd, y1), t1 = P(hw, -hd, y1), t2 = P(hw, hd, y1), t3 = P(-hw, hd, y1);
  pos.push(...t0, ...t3, ...t2, ...t0, ...t2, ...t1);
  uv.push(0, 0, 0, d * s, w * s, d * s, 0, 0, w * s, d * s, w * s, 0);
  // Boden, damit die Box auch von unten geschlossen ist
  const b0 = P(-hw, -hd, y0), b1 = P(hw, -hd, y0), b2 = P(hw, hd, y0), b3 = P(-hw, hd, y0);
  pos.push(...b0, ...b1, ...b2, ...b0, ...b2, ...b3);
  uv.push(0, 0, w * s, 0, w * s, d * s, 0, 0, w * s, d * s, 0, d * s);
  const g = new BufferGeometry();
  g.setAttribute('position', new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(pos), 3));
  g.setAttribute('uv', new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(uv), 2));
  g.computeVertexNormals();
  return g;
}

/**
 * Ebener Belag: das Polygon liegt exakt in der Ebene a*x + b*z + c.
 * Gebaute Flaechen sind eben - sie duerfen dem Gelaende nicht folgen.
 */
export function planarSurfaceGeometry(
  polygon: Vec2[],
  plane: [number, number, number],
  tile: number,
  lift = 0,
): BufferGeometry {
  const [a, b, c] = plane;
  const tris = refine(triangulate(polygon), 1.6);
  const pos = new Float32Array(tris.length * 9);
  const uv = new Float32Array(tris.length * 6);
  let p = 0, u = 0;
  for (const t of tris) {
    for (const [x, z] of t) {
      pos[p++] = x;
      pos[p++] = a * x + b * z + c + lift;
      pos[p++] = z;
      uv[u++] = x / tile;
      uv[u++] = -z / tile;
    }
  }
  const g = new BufferGeometry();
  g.setAttribute('position', new BufferAttribute(pos, 3));
  g.setAttribute('uv', new BufferAttribute(uv, 2));
  g.computeVertexNormals();
  return g;
}

/**
 * Sichtkante eines Belags: senkrechtes Band von der Belagsoberkante hinunter
 * bis unter das Gelaende. Erst damit wirkt eine Terrasse wie gebaut und nicht
 * wie aufgemalt.
 */
export function surfaceEdgeGeometry(
  polygon: Vec2[],
  topAt: (x: number, z: number) => number,
  bottomAt: (x: number, z: number) => number,
  tile: number,
  step = 0.4,
): BufferGeometry {
  const pos: number[] = [];
  const uv: number[] = [];
  let run = 0;
  const s = 1 / tile;
  const n = polygon.length;
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const [ax, az] = polygon[i];
    const [bx, bz] = polygon[(i + 1) % n];
    const len = Math.hypot(bx - ax, bz - az);
    const parts = Math.max(1, Math.round(len / step));
    for (let k = 0; k < parts; k++) {
      const t0 = k / parts, t1 = (k + 1) / parts;
      const x0 = ax + (bx - ax) * t0, z0 = az + (bz - az) * t0;
      const x1 = ax + (bx - ax) * t1, z1 = az + (bz - az) * t1;
      const ty0 = topAt(x0, z0), ty1 = topAt(x1, z1);
      const by0 = Math.min(bottomAt(x0, z0), ty0 - 0.012);
      const by1 = Math.min(bottomAt(x1, z1), ty1 - 0.012);
      const u0 = run, u1 = run + len / parts;
      // Aussenseite: Polygon laeuft im Gegenuhrzeigersinn, also liegt die
      // Sichtseite rechts der Laufrichtung.
      pos.push(x0, ty0, z0, x0, by0, z0, x1, by1, z1);
      uv.push(u0 * s, ty0 * s, u0 * s, by0 * s, u1 * s, by1 * s);
      pos.push(x0, ty0, z0, x1, by1, z1, x1, ty1, z1);
      uv.push(u0 * s, ty0 * s, u1 * s, by1 * s, u1 * s, ty1 * s);
      run = u1;
    }
  }
  const g = new BufferGeometry();
  g.setAttribute('position', new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(pos), 3));
  g.setAttribute('uv', new BufferAttribute(new Float32Array(uv), 2));
  g.computeVertexNormals();
  return g;
}

/**
 * Metallband: schmales Stahlband entlang eines Polygonrandes, wie es der Plan
 * zwischen Kies, Rasen und Beeten zeigt.
 */
export function edgingGeometry(
  polygon: Vec2[],
  topAt: (x: number, z: number) => number,
  thickness = 0.005,
  proud = 0.022,
  depth = 0.12,
): BufferGeometry {
  const parts: BufferGeometry[] = [];
  const n = polygon.length;
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const [ax, az] = polygon[i];
    const [bx, bz] = polygon[(i + 1) % n];
    const len = Math.hypot(bx - ax, bz - az);
    if (len < 0.12) continue;
    const steps = Math.max(1, Math.round(len / 1.2));
    for (let k = 0; k < steps; k++) {
      const t0 = k / steps, t1 = (k + 1) / steps;
      const x0 = ax + (bx - ax) * t0, z0 = az + (bz - az) * t0;
      const x1 = ax + (bx - ax) * t1, z1 = az + (bz - az) * t1;
      const cx = (x0 + x1) / 2, cz = (z0 + z1) / 2;
      const y = topAt(cx, cz);
      const ang = (Math.atan2(z1 - z0, x1 - x0) * 180) / Math.PI;
      parts.push(boxGeometry(cx, cz, len / steps + 0.004, thickness, y + proud - depth, y + proud, ang, 1));
    }
  }
  return parts.length ? mergeGeometries(parts) : new BufferGeometry();
}