Gartenvisualisierung/src/scene/walls.ts

/**
 * Mauern als gebaute Elemente, nicht als hochgezogene Flaechen.
 *
 * Der Plan nennt vier verschiedene Konstruktionen, die auch verschieden
 * aussehen muessen:
 *
 * - **Travertinmauer / Sitzmauer** – Schichtmauerwerk aus einzelnen Bloecken
 *   mit Lagerfugen und einer ueberstehenden Abdeckplatte.
 * - **Winkelelemente aus Beton** – Fertigteile von rund 1 m Breite, einzeln
 *   versetzt, mit sichtbaren Stossfugen und leicht geneigter Ansichtsflaeche.
 * - **Betonmauer Nachbar** – Ortbeton in Schaltafelfeldern mit Ankerloechern
 *   und abgefaster Krone.
 * - **Lamellenwand** – senkrechte Holzlamellen im Rhythmus des Plans.
 * - **Holzscheiterwand** – Stahlrahmen, gefuellt mit gestapelten Scheitern.
 */
import {
  BufferGeometry, Group, Mesh, MeshStandardMaterial,
  type MeshStandardMaterialParameters,
} from 'three';
import type { Vec2, Wall } from '../site';
import { boxGeometry, mergeGeometries, wallGeometry } from './geometry';
import * as tex from './textures';

function material(belag: tex.Belag, extra: MeshStandardMaterialParameters = {}) {
  return new MeshStandardMaterial({
    map: belag.map,
    normalMap: belag.normalMap ?? null,
    normalScale: belag.normalScale,
    roughness: belag.roughness,
    metalness: 0,
    ...extra,
  });
}

function rng(seed: number) {
  let a = seed >>> 0;
  return () => {
    a = (a + 0x9e3779b9) >>> 0;
    let t = Math.imul(a ^ (a >>> 16), 0x21f0aaad);
    t = Math.imul(t ^ (t >>> 15), 0x735a2d97);
    return ((t ^ (t >>> 15)) >>> 0) / 4294967296;
  };
}

/** Wertet ein Hoehenprofil (Stuetzelemente) an der Stelle t aus. */
function profileAt(profile: number[] | undefined, t: number, fallback: number): number {
  if (!profile || !profile.length) return fallback;
  const f = t * (profile.length - 1);
  const i = Math.max(0, Math.min(profile.length - 2, Math.floor(f)));
  const u = f - i;
  return profile[i] * (1 - u) + profile[i + 1] * u;
}

interface Axis {
  /** Gesamtlaenge des Polyzugs. */
  length: number;
  /** Punkt, Richtung und Normale bei Bogenlaenge s. */
  at(s: number): { x: number; z: number; dx: number; dz: number; angle: number; t: number };
}

function axisOf(path: Vec2[]): Axis {
  const segs = path.slice(1).map((p, i) => ({
    a: path[i], b: p, len: Math.hypot(p[0] - path[i][0], p[1] - path[i][1]),
  }));
  const length = segs.reduce((s, g) => s + g.len, 0);
  return {
    length,
    at(s: number) {
      let want = Math.max(0, Math.min(length, s));
      for (let i = 0; i < segs.length; i++) {
        const g = segs[i];
        if (want <= g.len || i === segs.length - 1) {
          const u = g.len > 0 ? Math.min(1, want / g.len) : 0;
          const dx = (g.b[0] - g.a[0]) / (g.len || 1);
          const dz = (g.b[1] - g.a[1]) / (g.len || 1);
          return {
            x: g.a[0] + (g.b[0] - g.a[0]) * u,
            z: g.a[1] + (g.b[1] - g.a[1]) * u,
            dx, dz,
            angle: (Math.atan2(dz, dx) * 180) / Math.PI,
            t: length > 0 ? s / length : 0,
          };
        }
        want -= g.len;
      }
      return { x: path[0][0], z: path[0][1], dx: 1, dz: 0, angle: 0, t: 0 };
    },
  };
}

/**
 * Schichtmauerwerk: Lage fuer Lage aus einzelnen Bloecken, darueber eine
 * ueberstehende Abdeckplatte. Fugen entstehen durch echte Zwischenraeume.
 */
function masonry(
  axis: Axis, thickness: number,
  top: (t: number) => number, base: (t: number) => number,
  seed: number,
): { blocks: BufferGeometry; coping: BufferGeometry } {
  const COURSE = 0.19;      // Schichthoehe
  const JOINT = 0.012;      // Lagerfuge
  const CAP = 0.06;         // Abdeckplatte
  const rnd = rng(seed);
  const blocks: BufferGeometry[] = [];

  const topMid = top(0.5);
  const baseMid = base(0.5);
  const wallTop = topMid - CAP;
  const courses = Math.max(1, Math.round((wallTop - baseMid) / COURSE));
  const courseH = (wallTop - baseMid) / courses;

  for (let c = 0; c < courses; c++) {
    const y0 = baseMid + c * courseH;
    const y1 = y0 + courseH - JOINT;
    // Jede zweite Lage beginnt mit einem halben Stein - so versetzen sich die
    // Stossfugen, ohne dass Luecken entstehen.
    let s = 0;
    let first = true;
    while (s < axis.length - 0.02) {
      let len = 0.42 + rnd() * 0.40;
      if (first && c % 2 === 1) len *= 0.55;
      first = false;
      len = Math.min(len, axis.length - s);
      // Reststueck lieber an den letzten Stein anhaengen als einen Splitter setzen
      if (axis.length - (s + len) < 0.18) len = axis.length - s;
      const p = axis.at(s + len / 2);
      const d = thickness + (rnd() - 0.5) * 0.016;
      blocks.push(boxGeometry(p.x, p.z, len - JOINT, d, y0, y1, p.angle, 1.6));
      s += len;
    }
  }

  // Abdeckplatte, beidseits 2 cm ueberstehend
  const coping: BufferGeometry[] = [];
  const capSegs = Math.max(2, Math.round(axis.length / 0.9));
  for (let i = 0; i < capSegs; i++) {
    const s0 = (i / capSegs) * axis.length;
    const len = axis.length / capSegs;
    const p = axis.at(s0 + len / 2);
    const y = top(p.t);
    coping.push(boxGeometry(p.x, p.z, len - 0.006, thickness + 0.04, y - CAP, y, p.angle, 1.6));
  }

  return { blocks: mergeGeometries(blocks), coping: mergeGeometries(coping) };
}

/**
 * Winkelelemente: Fertigteile von rund 1 m Breite. Sichtbar sind die
 * Ansichtsflaeche mit den Stossfugen und die schmale Krone.
 */
function angleElements(
  axis: Axis, thickness: number,
  crest: (t: number) => number, foot: (t: number) => number,
): BufferGeometry {
  const WIDTH = 1.0;
  const JOINT = 0.015;
  const parts: BufferGeometry[] = [];
  const n = Math.max(1, Math.round(axis.length / WIDTH));
  const w = axis.length / n;
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const p = axis.at(i * w + w / 2);
    const yTop = crest(p.t);
    const yBottom = foot(p.t);
    // Stiel: oben duenn, unten dicker - wie ein echtes L-Element
    const stem = 3;
    for (let k = 0; k < stem; k++) {
      const a = yBottom + ((yTop - yBottom) * k) / stem;
      const b = yBottom + ((yTop - yBottom) * (k + 1)) / stem;
      const th = thickness * (1.55 - 0.4 * (k / stem));
      parts.push(boxGeometry(p.x, p.z, w - JOINT, th, a, b, p.angle, 2.0));
    }
    // Fussplatte, meist verdeckt, aber am Fuss sichtbar
    parts.push(boxGeometry(
      p.x - p.dz * thickness * 1.1, p.z + p.dx * thickness * 1.1,
      w - JOINT, thickness * 2.4, yBottom, yBottom + 0.14, p.angle, 2.0,
    ));
  }
  return mergeGeometries(parts);
}

/** Ortbetonwand in Schaltafelfeldern mit abgefaster Krone. */
function concretePanels(
  axis: Axis, thickness: number,
  top: (t: number) => number, base: (t: number) => number,
): BufferGeometry {
  const FIELD = 2.5;
  const JOINT = 0.012;
  const parts: BufferGeometry[] = [];
  const n = Math.max(1, Math.round(axis.length / FIELD));
  const w = axis.length / n;
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const p = axis.at(i * w + w / 2);
    const yTop = top(p.t);
    const yBase = base(p.t);
    parts.push(boxGeometry(p.x, p.z, w - JOINT, thickness, yBase, yTop - 0.03, p.angle, 2.0));
    // abgefaste Krone: schmaler Aufsatz
    parts.push(boxGeometry(p.x, p.z, w - JOINT, thickness - 0.03, yTop - 0.03, yTop, p.angle, 2.0));
  }
  return mergeGeometries(parts);
}

export function buildWalls(walls: Wall[], height: (x: number, z: number) => number): Group {
  const group = new Group();
  group.name = 'Mauern und Wände';

  const travertin = tex.travertinMauer();
  const beton = tex.beton();
  const holz = tex.fassadeHolz();
  const scheiter = tex.holzscheiter();

  const stahl = new MeshStandardMaterial({ color: 0x3f3a35, roughness: 0.5, metalness: 0.6 });

  for (const w of walls) {
    const axis = axisOf(w.path);
    const top = (t: number) => {
      if (w.crestProfile) return profileAt(w.crestProfile, t, 0);
      if (w.top !== null) return w.top;
      const p = axis.at(t * axis.length);
      return height(p.x, p.z) + 0.4;
    };
    const base = (t: number) => {
      if (w.footProfile) return profileAt(w.footProfile, t, -1);
      if (w.base !== null) return w.base;
      const p = axis.at(t * axis.length);
      return height(p.x, p.z) - 0.5;
    };

    const node = new Group();
    node.name = w.id;
    node.userData.note = w.note;

    if (w.type === 'travertin') {
      const { blocks, coping } = masonry(axis, w.t, top, base, w.id.length * 977 + 13);
      const body = new Mesh(blocks, material(travertin));
      const cap = new Mesh(coping, material(travertin, { roughness: 0.6 }));
      for (const m of [body, cap]) { m.castShadow = true; m.receiveShadow = true; node.add(m); }
    } else if (w.retains) {
      const m = new Mesh(angleElements(axis, w.t, top, base), material(beton));
      m.castShadow = true; m.receiveShadow = true;
      node.add(m);
    } else if (w.type === 'beton') {
      const m = new Mesh(concretePanels(axis, w.t, top, base), material(beton));
      m.castShadow = true; m.receiveShadow = true;
      node.add(m);
    } else if (w.openSlats) {
      // Lamellenwand: Rahmen aus Kanthoelzern, dazwischen senkrechte Bretter
      const mat = material(holz, { roughness: 0.84 });
      const parts: BufferGeometry[] = [];
      const n = Math.max(2, Math.round(axis.length / 0.9));
      for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
        const p = axis.at((i / n) * axis.length);
        parts.push(boxGeometry(p.x, p.z, 0.10, w.t, base(p.t), top(p.t), p.angle, 1.2));
      }
      const slats = new Mesh(mergeGeometries(parts), mat);
      slats.castShadow = true; slats.receiveShadow = true;
      node.add(slats);
      const band = new Mesh(
        wallGeometry(w.path, 0.10, (t) => top(t), (t) => base(t), { segments: 8, tile: holz.tile }),
        mat,
      );
      band.castShadow = true; band.receiveShadow = true;
      node.add(band);
    } else if (w.type === 'holzscheiter') {
      // Stahlrahmen mit Scheiterfuellung
      const y0 = base(0.5), y1 = top(0.5);
      const fill = new Mesh(
        boxGeometry(
          (w.path[0][0] + w.path[1][0]) / 2, (w.path[0][1] + w.path[1][1]) / 2,
          axis.length - 0.12, w.t - 0.08, y0 + 0.06, y1 - 0.06, axis.at(0).angle, scheiter.tile,
        ),
        material(scheiter, { roughness: 0.92 }),
      );
      fill.castShadow = true; fill.receiveShadow = true;
      node.add(fill);
      const frameParts: BufferGeometry[] = [];
      const cx = (w.path[0][0] + w.path[1][0]) / 2, cz = (w.path[0][1] + w.path[1][1]) / 2;
      const ang = axis.at(0).angle;
      frameParts.push(boxGeometry(cx, cz, axis.length, w.t, y0, y0 + 0.06, ang, 1));
      frameParts.push(boxGeometry(cx, cz, axis.length, w.t, y1 - 0.06, y1, ang, 1));
      for (const s of [-1, 1]) {
        const p = axis.at(s < 0 ? 0.03 : axis.length - 0.03);
        frameParts.push(boxGeometry(p.x, p.z, 0.06, w.t, y0, y1, ang, 1));
      }
      const frame = new Mesh(mergeGeometries(frameParts), stahl);
      frame.castShadow = true;
      node.add(frame);
    }

    group.add(node);
  }

  return group;
}